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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-227-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Development of an open-source analytical Digital Twin framework for environmental modelling and management</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Parkinson</surname>
<given-names>Luke</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-3445</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>Matthew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-6981</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>L-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>227</fpage>
<lpage>234</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Luke Parkinson</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/227/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-227-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/227/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-227-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/227/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-227-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/227/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-227-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Environmental Digital Twins are dynamic virtual representations of physical environments that support real-time monitoring, scenario modelling, and community decision-making, that hold significant promise for addressing complex environmental challenges. Yet the development of each new system typically requires substantial duplicated engineering effort, and open-source frameworks specifically designed for environmental applications remain scarce. We present the Environmental Digital Data Intelligence Engine (EDDIE), a free and open-source framework (AGPL-3.0) for building environmental Digital Twins, developed at the Geospatial Research Institute Toi Hangarau. EDDIE assembles proven free and open-source geospatial (FOSS4G) components including PostGIS, GeoServer, TerriaJS, and a Python processing stack into a modular, containerised architecture. A plugin-based module system allows domain-specific environmental models to be registered and orchestrated within a shared infrastructure, while OGC-standard service interfaces (WPS, WFS, WMS) ensure interoperability with external tools and other Digital Twin instances. EDDIE underpins three operational applications: the Flood Resilience Digital Twin (FReDT), which automates compound flood inundation modelling under climate change scenarios; the Ōtākaro Digital Twin, an environmental monitoring and modelling platform for the Ōtākaro/Avon River developed with hapū Ngāi Tūāhuriri and Christchurch City Council; and Te Awarua Kai Ora, a community hydrodynamic modelling and story-mapping platform for Te Awarua / Porirua Harbour. We describe the EDDIE architecture, present performance benchmarks for FReDT, and discuss EDDIE&amp;rsquo;s potential as a reusable community framework for the open environmental Digital Twin ecosystem.</p>
</abstract>
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