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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-3-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evaluating spectral diversity approaches for tree species diversity mapping in hemi-boreal forests using Sentinel-2 and biodivMapR</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Biju</surname>
<given-names>Arathi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0500-9123</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Borysenko</surname>
<given-names>Oleksandr</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-6172</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Virro</surname>
<given-names>Holger</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-5453</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Féret</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Baptiste</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0151-1334</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pisek</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Uuemaa</surname>
<given-names>Evelyn</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-6740</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tõravere, Estonia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Landscape Geoinformatics Lab, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>TETIS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>L-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>3</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Arathi Biju et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/3/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-3-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/3/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-3-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/3/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-3-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/3/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-3-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Spectral diversity mapping is increasingly used to estimate biodiversity from satellite imagery, but the effect of input feature type remains poorly tested. We evaluated how different Sentinel-2 input feature types - surface reflectance, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) transformed surface reflectance, and spectral indices - affect biodivMapR-based tree diversity mapping across three hemi-boreal forest landscapes in Estonia. Outputs were validated against field-measured tree species Shannon diversity using Spearman correlation and bootstrap resampling. PCA transformed surface reflectance produced the strongest and most consistent correlations across sites, spectral indices performed slightly better than surface reflectance in two sites, and interquartile range-based filtering had little effect. The results identify input feature type selection as a key parameter in Sentinel-2 spectral diversity workflows.</p>
</abstract>
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