<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-35-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>An Open Geospatial Framework for Proximity-Based Community Planning: Integrating Mobility-Based Community Detection, Multimodal Accessibility and Facility Allocation Optimisation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Junyoung</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-4590</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eom</surname>
<given-names>Sunyong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yeo</surname>
<given-names>Jiho</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Yuri</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Center for Global Research Collaboration, The Seoul Institute, 57 Nambusunhwan-ro 340-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06756, Republic of Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Graduate School of Urban Studies, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Smart City Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>L-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Junyoung Choi et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/35/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-35-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/35/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-35-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/35/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-35-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/35/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-35-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Proximity based community planning organises essential services so residents can reach them within short travel distances, but its implementation requires combining large scale mobility data, multimodal accessibility modelling and spatial optimisation, components typically fragmented across different tools. We propose an open geospatial framework that integrates these three strands into one reproducible FOSS workflow. The framework has three components. The first performs mobility based community detection on telecom trip networks. The second computes multimodal accessibility on a 250 m grid, combining OSRM road routing with r5py walking and public transport routing over OpenStreetMap and GTFS. The third allocates facilities by linear programming whose objective jointly considers equity and economic efficiency. We demonstrate the framework on Busan Metropolitan City, covering 16 districts plus Gijang County, 770 km&amp;sup2;, 12,474 grid cells and 4,119 facilities across 18 categories. Community detection returns 50 stable living area communities derived from accessibility and 50 derived from mobility, with generalised modularity 0.918 and 0.934, mean best IoU 0.502, ARI 0.547 and NMI 0.814. Applied to a sample sub region of five inner city districts with 820,344 residents, the LP places 15 new facility units across 9 candidate 250 m grid cells and lifts walking only coverage of the five most deficient service types by 12 to 20 percentage points each.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>