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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-367-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>MUSUBOU-AR: An Open-Source Geospatial AR Framework for Integrating Public GIS Data, Field Authoring, and Disaster Walking Tours</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yoshida</surname>
<given-names>Daisuke</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3362-1105</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nguyen</surname>
<given-names>Van Thien</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hayashi</surname>
<given-names>Hirofumi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ishihara</surname>
<given-names>Keiko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Center for Spatial Information Science, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Applied Technology Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>L-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>367</fpage>
<lpage>374</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Daisuke Yoshida et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/367/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-367-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/367/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-367-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/367/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-367-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/367/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-367-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Conventional hazard maps, public GIS layers, and disaster education materials are essential resources for community disaster risk reduction, but they do not always support in-situ spatial understanding during field-based training. This paper presents MUSUBOUAR, a publicly released open-source geospatial augmented reality framework that links public GIS resources, local scenario authoring, mobile AR visualization, and post-activity review for disaster walking tours. The system combines a map mode based on public and custom XYZ tiles, an AR mode for location-based visualization of hazards and disaster-related field resources, a webbased authoring environment for points, routes, and GIS layers, GPX-based field logging and review, and optional LiDAR-enhanced AR visualization for improving environmental alignment and ground-surface-aware rendering. As a representative field deployment, the framework was used in a joint disaster walking tour in the Hiro area of Kure City, Hiroshima Prefecture. In this paper, the case is used primarily to examine the field-deployment workflow of MUSUBOU-AR, including public hazard-map use, route and point authoring, AR scenario configuration, and on-site operation. A previously reported facilitator survey provides supplementary evidence that the activity supported situated geospatial interpretation among university student facilitators. Although the supporting survey evidence was limited by a small sample and no control group, the results suggest that MUSUBOU-AR can support reusable geospatial workflows for field-based disaster risk communication.</p>
</abstract>
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