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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-71-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Using WRF-UCM as Boundary Forcing for Microscale Models in Data-Scarce Urban Environments</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hofierka</surname>
<given-names>Jaroslav</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fedor</surname>
<given-names>Tomáš</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-4790</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>L-4/W1-2026</volume>
<fpage>71</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Jaroslav Hofierka</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/71/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-71-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/71/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-71-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/71/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-71-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/L-4-W1-2026/71/2026/isprs-archives-L-4-W1-2026-71-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban microclimate models are widely used to analyse urban heat island effects and thermal conditions at fine spatial scales. However, microscale models such as ENVI-met require detailed meteorological forcing data, which are often unavailable or insufficient in many urban environments, particularly in smaller cities or regions with sparse meteorological observation networks. This study presents a multi-scale modelling approach that uses outputs from the open-source Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with an Urban Canopy Model (WRF-UCM) to generate forcing data for ENVI-met simulations. ERA5 reanalysis data and nested WRF-UCM domains are used to simulate meteorological conditions over Ko&amp;scaron;ice (Slovakia), and selected atmospheric variables are extracted and converted into meteorological forcing data for microscale ENVI-met simulations. Results demonstrate that WRF-UCM-derived forcing data can reproduce realistic temporal variability in key atmospheric parameters. Validation against observations showed that ENVI-met simulations forced by WRF-UCM improved mean absolute errors by 8.4% for air temperature, 6.8% for relative humidity, and 25.1% for wind speed compared with WRF-UCM alone. The proposed approach enables the application of microscale urban climate models in data-scarce environments while preserving physically consistent initial and boundary conditions. It also improves the representation of regional atmospheric influences, supporting more robust and transferable urban climate analyses.</p>
</abstract>
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