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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-3-W3-9-2015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>AUTOMATIC MODELLING OF RUBBLE MOUND BREAKWATERS FROM LIDAR DATA</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bueno</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Díaz-Vilariño</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>González-Jorge</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martínez-Sánchez</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Arias</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Applied Geotechnologies Group, Dept. Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, CP 36310 Vigo, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XL-3/W3</volume>
<fpage>9</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2015 M. Bueno et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-3-W3/9/2015/isprs-archives-XL-3-W3-9-2015.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-3-W3/9/2015/isprs-archives-XL-3-W3-9-2015.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-3-W3/9/2015/isprs-archives-XL-3-W3-9-2015.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-3-W3/9/2015/isprs-archives-XL-3-W3-9-2015.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Rubble mound breakwaters maintenance is critical to the protection of beaches and ports. LiDAR systems provide accurate point
clouds from the emerged part of the structure that can be modelled to make it more useful and easy to handle. This work introduces a
methodology for the automatic modelling of breakwaters with armour units of cube shape. The algorithm is divided in three main
steps: normal vector computation, plane segmentation, and cube reconstruction. Plane segmentation uses the normal orientation of
the points and the edge length of the cube. Cube reconstruction uses the intersection of three perpendicular planes and the edge
length. Three point clouds cropped from the main point cloud of the structure are used for the tests. The number of cubes detected is
around 56 % for two of the point clouds and 32 % for the third one over the total physical cubes. Accuracy assessment is done by
comparison with manually drawn cubes calculating the differences between the vertexes. It ranges between 6.4 cm and 15 cm.
Computing time ranges between 578.5 s and 8018.2 s. The computing time increases with the number of cubes and the requirements
of collision detection.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="5"/></counts>
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