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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W2-271-2013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>USER&amp;ndash;APPROPRIATE VIEWER FOR HIGH RESOLUTION INTERACTIVE ENGAGEMENT WITH 3D DIGITAL CULTURAL ARTEFACTS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gillespie</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>La Pensée</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cooper</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Conservation Technologies, National Museums Liverpool, Conservation Centre, 1 Peter Street, Liverpool, L1 6BL, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre for Digital Entertainment, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XL-5/W2</volume>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>276</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2013 D. Gillespie et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-5-W2/271/2013/isprs-archives-XL-5-W2-271-2013.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-5-W2/271/2013/isprs-archives-XL-5-W2-271-2013.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-5-W2/271/2013/isprs-archives-XL-5-W2-271-2013.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-5-W2/271/2013/isprs-archives-XL-5-W2-271-2013.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Three dimensional (3D) laser scanning is an important documentation technique for cultural heritage. This technology has been
adopted from the engineering and aeronautical industry and is an invaluable tool for the documentation of objects within museum
collections (La Pensée, 2008). The datasets created via close range laser scanning are extremely accurate and the created 3D dataset
allows for a more detailed analysis in comparison to other documentation technologies such as photography. The dataset can be
used for a range of different applications including: documentation; archiving; surface monitoring; replication; gallery interactives;
educational sessions; conservation and visualization. However, the novel nature of a 3D dataset is presenting a rather unique
challenge with respect to its sharing and dissemination. This is in part due to the need for specialised 3D software and a supported
graphics card to display high resolution 3D models. This can be detrimental to one of the main goals of cultural institutions, which is
to share knowledge and enable activities such as research, education and entertainment. This has limited the presentation of 3D
models of cultural heritage objects to mainly either images or videos. Yet with recent developments in computer graphics, increased
internet speed and emerging technologies such as Adobe&apos;s Stage 3D (Adobe, 2013) and WebGL (Khronos, 2013), it is now possible
to share a dataset directly within a webpage. This allows website visitors to interact with the 3D dataset allowing them to explore
every angle of the object, gaining an insight into its shape and nature. This can be very important considering that it is difficult to
offer the same level of understanding of the object through the use of traditional mediums such as photographs and videos. Yet this
presents a range of problems: this is a very novel experience and very few people have engaged with 3D objects outside of 3D
software packages or games.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
This paper presents results of research that aims to provide a methodology for museums and cultural institutions for prototyping a
3D viewer within a webpage, thereby not only allowing institutions to promote their collections via the internet but also providing a
tool for users to engage in a meaningful way with cultural heritage datasets. The design process encompasses evaluation as the
central part of the design methodology; focusing on how slight changes to navigation, object engagement and aesthetic appearance
can influence the user&apos;s experience. The prototype used in this paper, was created using WebGL with the Three.Js (Three.JS, 2013)
library and datasets were loaded as the OpenCTM (Geelnard, 2010) file format. The overall design is centred on creating an easy-tolearn
interface allowing non-skilled users to interact with the datasets, and also providing tools allowing skilled users to discover
more about the cultural heritage object. User testing was carried out, allowing users to interact with 3D datasets within the
interactive viewer. The results are analysed and the insights learned are discussed in relation to an interface designed to interact with
3D content. The results will lead to the design of interfaces for interacting with 3D objects, which allow for both skilled and non
skilled users to engage with 3D cultural heritage objects in a meaningful way.</p>
</abstract>
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