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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-63-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Automatic Training Sample Selection for a Multi-Evidence Based Crop Classification Approach</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chellasamy</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ty Ferre</surname>
<given-names>P. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Humlekrog Greve</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85721-0011, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>19</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XL-7</volume>
<fpage>63</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 M. Chellasamy et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-7/63/2014/isprs-archives-XL-7-63-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-7/63/2014/isprs-archives-XL-7-63-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>An approach to use the available agricultural parcel information to automatically select training samples for crop classification is
investigated. Previous research addressed the multi-evidence crop classification approach using an ensemble classifier. This first
produced confidence measures using three Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks trained separately with spectral, texture
and vegetation indices; classification labels were then assigned based on Endorsement Theory. The present study proposes an
approach to feed this ensemble classifier with automatically selected training samples. The available vector data representing crop
boundaries with corresponding crop codes are used as a source for training samples. These vector data are created by farmers to
support subsidy claims and are, therefore, prone to errors such as mislabeling of crop codes and boundary digitization errors. The
proposed approach is named as ECRA (Ensemble based Cluster Refinement Approach). ECRA first automatically removes
mislabeled samples and then selects the refined training samples in an iterative training-reclassification scheme. Mislabel removal is
based on the expectation that mislabels in each class will be far from cluster centroid. However, this must be a soft constraint,
especially when working with a hypothesis space that does not contain a good approximation of the targets classes. Difficulty in
finding a good approximation often exists either due to less informative data or a large hypothesis space. Thus this approach uses the
spectral, texture and indices domains in an ensemble framework to iteratively remove the mislabeled pixels from the crop clusters
declared by the farmers. Once the clusters are refined, the selected border samples are used for final learning and the unknown
samples are classified using the multi-evidence approach. The study is implemented with WorldView-2 multispectral imagery
acquired for a study area containing 10 crop classes. The proposed approach is compared with the multi-evidence approach based on
training samples selected randomly and border samples based on initial cluster centroids within agricultural parcels without any
refinement. The results clarify the improvement in overall classification accuracy to 82.3 % based on the proposed approach from
74.9 % based on random selection and 71.4% on non-refined border samples.</p>
</abstract>
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