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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-1121-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Automatic Image Registration Using Free and Open Source Software</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Giri Babu</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Raja Shekhar</surname>
<given-names>S. S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chandrasekar</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sesha Sai</surname>
<given-names>M. V. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Diwakar</surname>
<given-names>P. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dadhwal</surname>
<given-names>V. K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hyderabad 500037, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XL-8</volume>
<fpage>1121</fpage>
<lpage>1128</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 D. Giri Babu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-8/1121/2014/isprs-archives-XL-8-1121-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-8/1121/2014/isprs-archives-XL-8-1121-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Image registration is the most critical operation in remote sensing applications to enable location based referencing and
analysis of earth features. This is the first step for any process involving identification, time series analysis or change
detection using a large set of imagery over a region. Most of the reliable procedures involve time consuming and laborious
manual methods of finding the corresponding matching features of the input image with respect to reference. Also the
process, as it involves human interaction, does not converge with multiple operations at different times. Automated
procedures rely on accurately determining the matching locations or points from both the images under comparison and the
procedures are robust and consistent over time. Different algorithms are available to achieve this, based on pattern
recognition, feature based detection, similarity techniques etc. In the present study and implementation, Correlation based
methods have been used with a improvement over newly developed technique of identifying and pruning the false points of
match. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) have been used to develop the methodology to reach a wider audience,
without any dependency on COTS (Commercially off the shelf) software. Standard deviation from foci of the ellipse of
correlated points, is a statistical means of ensuring the best match of the points of interest based on both intensity values and
location correspondence. The methodology is developed and standardised by enhancements to meet the registration
requirements of remote sensing imagery. Results have shown a performance improvement, nearly matching the visual
techniques and have been implemented in remote sensing operational projects. The main advantage of the proposed
methodology is its viability in production mode environment. This paper also shows that the visualization capabilities of
MapWinGIS, GDAL’s image handling abilities and OSSIM’s correlation facility can be efficiently integrated to effectively
use in remote sensing based production environment.</p>
</abstract>
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