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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-8-695-2014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>An ensemble classification approach for improved Land use/cover change detection</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chellasamy</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ferré</surname>
<given-names>T. P. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Humlekrog Greve</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Larsen</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chinnasamy</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Agroecology, Aarhus University,  8830, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona 85721-0011, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Remote Sensing, College of Engineering, Chennai  600025, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XL-8</volume>
<fpage>695</fpage>
<lpage>701</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2014 M. Chellasamy et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-8/695/2014/isprs-archives-XL-8-695-2014.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XL-8/695/2014/isprs-archives-XL-8-695-2014.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Change Detection (CD) methods based on post-classification comparison approaches are claimed to provide potentially reliable
results. They are considered to be most obvious quantitative method in the analysis of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes which
provides from - to change information. But, the performance of post-classification comparison approaches highly depends on the
accuracy of classification of individual images used for comparison. Hence, we present a classification approach that produce
accurate classified results which aids to obtain improved change detection results. Machine learning is a part of broader framework
in change detection, where neural networks have drawn much attention. Neural network algorithms adaptively estimate continuous
functions from input data without mathematical representation of output dependence on input. A common practice for classification
is to use Multi-Layer-Perceptron (MLP) neural network with backpropogation learning algorithm for prediction. To increase the
ability of learning and prediction, multiple inputs (spectral, texture, topography, and multi-temporal information) are generally
stacked to incorporate diversity of information. On the other hand literatures claims backpropagation algorithm to exhibit weak and
unstable learning in use of multiple inputs, while dealing with complex datasets characterized by mixed uncertainty levels. To
address the problem of learning complex information, we propose an ensemble classification technique that incorporates multiple
inputs for classification unlike traditional stacking of multiple input data.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
In this paper, we present an Endorsement Theory based ensemble classification that integrates multiple information, in terms of
prediction probabilities, to produce final classification results. Three different input datasets are used in this study: spectral, texture
and indices, from SPOT-4 multispectral imagery captured on 1998 and 2003. Each SPOT image is classified individually to produce
the classified output and used for comparison. A MLP is trained with the input datasets separately using a backpropagation learning
algorithm and prediction probabilities are produced for each pixel as evidence against each LU/LC class. An integration rule based
on Endorsement Theory is applied to these multiple evidence by considering their individual contribution and the most probable
class of a pixel is identified. Integration of the three datasets by the proposed method is found to produce 88.4 % and 84.6 % for
individual image. The proposed method improves the potential of using SPOT satellite imagery for change detection.</p>
</abstract>
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