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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLI-B7-693-2016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>PAN-SHARPENING APPROACHES BASED ON UNMIXING OF MULTISPECTRAL
REMOTE SENSING IMAGERY</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Palubinskas</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 Wessling, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLI-B7</volume>
<fpage>693</fpage>
<lpage>702</lpage>
<permissions>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p/>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLI-B7-693-2016.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLI-B7-693-2016.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLI-B7-693-2016.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLI-B7-693-2016.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Model based analysis or explicit definition/listing of all models/assumptions used in the derivation of a pan-sharpening method
allows us to understand the rationale or properties of existing methods and shows a way for a proper usage or proposal/selection of
new methods ‘better’ satisfying the needs of a particular application. Most existing pan-sharpening methods are based mainly on the
two models/assumptions: spectral consistency for high resolution multispectral data (physical relationship between multispectral and
panchromatic data in a high resolution scale) and spatial consistency for multispectral data (so-called Wald’s protocol first property
or relationship between multispectral data in different resolution scales). Two methods, one based on a linear unmixing model and
another one based on spatial unmixing, are described/proposed/modified which respect models assumed and thus can produce
correct or physically justified fusion results. Earlier mentioned property ‘better’ should be measurable quantitatively, e.g. by means
of so-called quality measures. The difficulty of a quality assessment task in multi-resolution image fusion or pan-sharpening is that a
reference image is missing. Existing measures or so-called protocols are still not satisfactory because quite often the rationale or
assumptions used are not valid or not fulfilled. From a model based view it follows naturally that a quality assessment measure can
be defined as a combination of error model residuals using common or general models assumed in all fusion methods. Thus in this
paper a comparison of the two earlier proposed/modified pan-sharpening methods is performed. Preliminary experiments based on
visual analysis are carried out in the urban area of Munich city for optical remote sensing multispectral data and panchromatic
imagery of the WorldView-2 satellite sensor.</p>
</abstract>
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