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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-1-347-2018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>EXPLORING ALS AND DIM DATA FOR SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION USING CNNS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Politz</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sester</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLII-1</volume>
<fpage>347</fpage>
<lpage>354</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2018 F. Politz</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-1/347/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-1-347-2018.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-1/347/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-1-347-2018.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-1/347/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-1-347-2018.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-1/347/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-1-347-2018.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Over the past years, the algorithms for dense image matching (DIM) to obtain point clouds from aerial images improved significantly. Consequently, DIM point clouds are now a good alternative to the established Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) point clouds for remote sensing applications. In order to derive high-level applications such as digital terrain models or city models, each point within a point cloud must be assigned a class label. Usually, ALS and DIM are labelled with different classifiers due to their varying characteristics. In this work, we explore both point cloud types in a fully convolutional encoder-decoder network, which learns to classify ALS as well as DIM point clouds. As input, we project the point clouds onto a 2D image raster plane and calculate the minimal, average and maximal height values for each raster cell. The network then differentiates between the classes ground, non-ground, building and no data. We test our network in six training setups using only one point cloud type, both point clouds as well as several transfer-learning approaches. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare all results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of all setups. The best network achieves an overall accuracy of 96&amp;thinsp;% in an ALS and 83&amp;thinsp;% in a DIM test set.</p>
</abstract>
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