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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-931-2018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>EFFECT OF THE TRAINING SET CONFIGURATION ON SENTINEL-2-BASED URBAN LOCAL CLIMATE ZONE CLASSIFICATION</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Qiu</surname>
<given-names>C. P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schmitt</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ghamisi</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>X. X.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Signal Processing in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234 Wessling, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLII-2</volume>
<fpage>931</fpage>
<lpage>936</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2018 C. P. Qiu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2018</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-2/931/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-2-931-2018.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-2/931/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-2-931-2018.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-2/931/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-2-931-2018.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-2/931/2018/isprs-archives-XLII-2-931-2018.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>As any supervised classification procedure, also Local Climate Zone (LCZ) mapping requires reliable reference data. These are usually created manually and inevitably include label noise, caused by the complexity of the LCZ class scheme as well as variations in cultural and physical environmental factors. This study aims at evaluating the impact of the training set configuration, i.e. training sample number and imbalance, on the performance of Canonical Correlation Forests (CCFs) for a classification of the 11 urban LCZ classes. Experiments are carried out based on globally available Sentinel-2 imagery. Besides multi-spectral observations, different index measures extracted from the images as well as the Global Urban Footprint (GUF) and Open Street Map (OSM) layers are fed into the CCFs classifier. The results show that different LCZs favor different configurations in terms of training sample number and balance. Based on the findings, majority voting of different predictions from different configurations is proposed and performed. This way, a significant accuracy improvement can be achieved.</p>
</abstract>
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