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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W1-217-2016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>ESTIMATION OF AERODYNAMIC ROUGHNESS AND ZERO PLANE DISPLACEMENT USING MEDIUM DENSITY OF AIRBORNE LIDAR DATA</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mohd Salleh</surname>
<given-names>M. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abdul Rahman</surname>
<given-names>M. Z.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abu Bakar</surname>
<given-names>M. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rasib</surname>
<given-names>A. W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Omar</surname>
<given-names>H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>TropicalMap Research Group, Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Geoinformation and Real Estate, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLII-4/W1</volume>
<fpage>217</fpage>
<lpage>224</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2016 M. R. Mohd Salleh et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W1/217/2016/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W1-217-2016.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W1/217/2016/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W1-217-2016.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W1/217/2016/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W1-217-2016.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLII-4-W1/217/2016/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W1-217-2016.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This paper presents a framework to estimate aerodynamic roughness over specific height (&lt;i&gt;zo/H&lt;/i&gt;) and zero plane displacement (&lt;i&gt;d/H&lt;/i&gt;) over various landscapes in Kelantan State using airborne LiDAR data. The study begins with the filtering of airborne LiDAR, which produced ground and non-ground points. The ground points were used to generate digital terrain model (DTM) while the non-ground points were used for digital surface model (DSM) generation. Canopy height model (CHM) was generated by subtracting DTM from DSM. Individual trees in the study area were delineated by applying the Inverse Watershed segmentation method on the CHM. Forest structural parameters including tree height, height to crown base (HCB) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were estimated using existing allometric equations. The airborne LiDAR data was divided into smaller areas, which correspond to the size of the &lt;i&gt;zo/H&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;d/H&lt;/i&gt; maps i.e. 50 m and 100 m. For each area individual tree were reconstructed based on the tree properties, which accounts overlapping between crowns and trunks. The individual tree models were used to estimate individual tree frontal area and the total frontal area over a specific ground surface. Finally, three roughness models were used to estimate &lt;i&gt;zo/H&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;d/H&lt;/i&gt; for different wind directions, which were assumed from North/South and East/West directions. The results were shows good agreements with previous studies that based on the wind tunnel experiments.</p>
</abstract>
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