<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-615-2019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>ROBUST BUILDING FOOTPRINT EXTRACTION FROM BIG MULTI-SENSOR DATA USING DEEP COMPETITION NETWORK</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khoshboresh Masouleh</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saradjian</surname>
<given-names>M. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>18</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLII-4/W18</volume>
<fpage>615</fpage>
<lpage>621</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2019 M. Khoshboresh Masouleh</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-615-2019.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-615-2019.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-615-2019.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W18-615-2019.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Building footprint extraction (BFE) from multi-sensor data such as optical images and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point clouds is widely used in various fields of remote sensing applications. However, it is still challenging research topic due to relatively inefficient building extraction techniques from variety of complex scenes in multi-sensor data. In this study, we develop and evaluate a deep competition network (DCN) that fuses very high spatial resolution optical remote sensing images with LiDAR data for robust BFE. DCN is a deep superpixelwise convolutional encoder-decoder architecture using the encoder vector quantization with classified structure. DCN consists of five encoding-decoding blocks with convolutional weights for robust binary representation (superpixel) learning. DCN is trained and tested in a big multi-sensor dataset obtained from the state of Indiana in the United States with multiple building scenes. Comparison results of the accuracy assessment showed that DCN has competitive BFE performance in comparison with other deep semantic binary segmentation architectures. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed model is a suitable solution to the robust BFE from big multi-sensor data.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>
