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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-631-2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>MIMO SAR FORMATIONS: ORBITAL DIAMETER AND SYNCHRONIZATION TOLERANCES</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Monti Guarnieri</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>

</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-7807</ext-link></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Giudici</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guccione</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manzoni</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rocca</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Pzza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Aresys srl, via Flumendosa 16, 20132 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIII-B1-2020</volume>
<fpage>631</fpage>
<lpage>635</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2020 A. Monti Guarnieri et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-631-2020.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-631-2020.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-631-2020.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/isprs-archives-XLIII-B1-2020-631-2020.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Multiple-Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) along-track formations can be used to fraction the power resources into compact, lightweight and cost-effective satellites, or to extend the swath coverage beyond the limit provided by a small antenna. In this second case, the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) is kept low by implementing an inversion that solves up to N&amp;minus;1 ambiguities, given N observations. The simultaneous illumination – that allows for the N² gain due to the coherent combination of the N transmitters and the N receivers, is analyzed and shown not to be critical, as the more than N=2 sensors are assumed. Performance is evaluated for the N=2 and N=3 cases and compared with the Single Input Multiple Output formations, where one sensor is transmitting, and all are receiving. Finally, the impact of the across-track deviation from the orbit is modeled and evaluated.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="5"/></counts>
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