ISPRS-Archives The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ISPRS-Archives Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. 2194-9034 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-15-2022 IMPORTANCE OF PRECISE GRAVITY FIELD MODELING IN DIRECT GEOREFERENCING AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: A CASE STUDY FOR SWEDEN Bagherbandi M. 1 2 Jouybari A. 1 Nilfouroushan F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1744-7004 1 3 Ågren J. 1 3 Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden Division of Geodesy and Satellite Positioning, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden Department of Geodetic Infrastructure, Geodata Division, Lantmäteriet, Gävle, Sweden 30 05 2022 XLIII-B2-2022 15 20 Copyright: © 2022 M. Bagherbandi et al. 2022 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B2-2022/15/2022/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-15-2022.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B2-2022/15/2022/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-15-2022.pdf

Direct georeferencing of airborne mobile mapping systems is developing with unprecedented speed using GNSS/INS integration. Removal of systematic errors is required for achieving a high accurate georeferenced product in mobile mapping platforms with integrated GNSS/INS sensors. It is crucial to consider the deflection of verticals (DOV) in direct georeferencing due to the recently improved INS sensor accuracy. This study determines the DOV using Sweden’s EGM2008 model and gravity data. The influence of the DOVs on horizontal and vertical coordinates and considering different flight heights is assessed. The results confirm that the calculated DOV components using the EGM2008 model are sufficiently accurate for aerial photogrammetry purposes except for the mountainous areas because the topographic signal is not modeled correctly.