<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-851-2021</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>DEFORESTATION DETECTION IN THE AMAZON RAINFOREST WITH
SPATIAL AND CHANNEL ATTENTION MECHANISMS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tovar</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Adarme</surname>
<given-names>M. O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feitosa</surname>
<given-names>R. Q.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIII-B3-2021</volume>
<fpage>851</fpage>
<lpage>858</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2021 P. Tovar et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B3-2021/851/2021/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-851-2021.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B3-2021/851/2021/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-851-2021.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B3-2021/851/2021/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-851-2021.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIII-B3-2021/851/2021/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2021-851-2021.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Deforestation in the Amazon rainforest is an alarming problem of global interest. Environmental impacts of this process are countless, but probably the most significant concerns regard the increase in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions and global temperature rise. Currently, the assessment of deforested areas in the Amazon region is a manual task, where people analyse multiple satellite images to quantify the deforestation. We propose a method for automatic deforestation detection based on Deep Learning Neural Networks with dual-attention mechanisms. We employed a siamese architecture to detect deforestation changes between optical images in 2018 and 2019. Experiments were performed to evaluate the relevance and sensitivity of hyperparameter tuning of the loss function and the effects of dual-attention mechanisms (spatial and channel) in predicting deforestation. Experimental results suggest that a proper tuning of the loss function might bring benefits in terms of generalisation. We also show that the spatial attention mechanism is more relevant for deforestation detection than the channel attention mechanism. When both mechanisms are combined, the greatest improvements are found, and we reported an increase of 1.06% in the mean average precision over a baseline.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>