<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-2-2020-87-2020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTY IN CLASSIFIED POINT CLOUD DATA FOR GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sen</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Turel</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>GISE Lab, Department of Computer Science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Genesys International, 73-A SDF III, SEEPZ, Mumbai 400096, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>17</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIV-M-2-2020</volume>
<fpage>87</fpage>
<lpage>93</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2020 S. Sen</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIV-M-2-2020/87/2020/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-2-2020-87-2020.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIV-M-2-2020/87/2020/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-2-2020-87-2020.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIV-M-2-2020/87/2020/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-2-2020-87-2020.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIV-M-2-2020/87/2020/isprs-archives-XLIV-M-2-2020-87-2020.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Classified Point Cloud data are increasingly the form of geospatial data that are used in engineering applications, smart digital twins and geospatial data infrastructure around the globe. Characterized by high positional accuracy such dense 3D datasets are often rated very highly for accuracy and reliability. However such data pose important challenges in semantic segmentation, especially in the context of Machine Learning(ML) techniques and the training data employed to provide classification codes to every point in massive point cloud datasets. These challenges are particularly significant since ML based processing of data is almost unavoidable due to the massive nature of the data that. We review different sources of uncertainty introduced by ML based classification and segmentation and outline concepts of uncertainty that is inherent in such automatically processed data. We also provide a theoretical framework for quantification of such uncertainty and argue that the standards of accuracy of such data should account for errors and omissions during auto segmentation and classification in addition to positional accuracy measures. Interestingly, the ability to quantify accuracies of ML based automation for processing such data is limited by the volume and velocity of such data.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>