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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B1-2026-375-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Enhancing UWB Indoor Positioning using Bias-Aware EKF and Anchor Self-Localization</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Todmal</surname>
<given-names>Shreya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Goel</surname>
<given-names>Salil</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Geoinformatics Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B1-2026</volume>
<fpage>375</fpage>
<lpage>382</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Shreya Todmal</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B1-2026/375/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B1-2026-375-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B1-2026/375/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B1-2026-375-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B1-2026/375/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B1-2026-375-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B1-2026/375/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B1-2026-375-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology is gaining attention for indoor positioning due to its high accuracy, low latency and resilience to interference, making it ideal for environments where GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) signals are unavailable&amp;mdash;such as warehouses, hospitals, and underground facilities. However, UWB systems can suffer from reduced accuracy under Non-Line-of- Sight (NLOS) conditions and dynamic deployments. This paper proposes a novel bias aware EKF (Extend Kalman Filter) model, combined with Anchor Self-Localization method for localization in indoor environments, and enhancing the flexible deployment of anchors. The proposed model demonstrates an overall improvement of 32% and 41% in positioning accuracy compared to traditional methods across both indoor and outdoor environments respectively. The paper demonstrates that the proposed ASL method performs at par with conventional pre-calibrated methods where anchors are to be localized manually. Together, the Bias- Aware filtering and ASL approach enhance the scalability and reliability of UWB-based Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) for real-world applications.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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