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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1175-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>PC2Model: ISPRS benchmark on 3D point cloud to model registration</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Maboudi</surname>
<given-names>Mehdi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-2404</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Harb</surname>
<given-names>Said</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8728-1373</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ferrao</surname>
<given-names>Jackson</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khoshelham</surname>
<given-names>Kourosh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Turkan</surname>
<given-names>Yelda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mawas</surname>
<given-names>Karam</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Civil &amp; Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>1175</fpage>
<lpage>1182</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Mehdi Maboudi et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1175/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1175-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1175/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1175-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1175/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1175-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1175/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1175-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Point cloud registration involves aligning one point cloud with another or with a three-dimensional (3D) model, enabling the integration of multimodal data into a unified representation. This is essential in applications such as construction monitoring, autonomous driving, robotics, and virtual or augmented reality (VR/AR).With the increasing accessibility of point cloud acquisition technologies, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and structured light scanning, along with recent advances in deep learning, the research focus has increasingly shifted towards downstream tasks, particularly point cloud-to-model (PC2Model) registration. While data-driven methods aim to automate this process, they struggle with sparsity, noise, clutter, and occlusions in real-world scans, which limit their performance. To address these challenges, this paper introduces the PC2Model benchmark, a publicly available dataset designed to support the training and evaluation of both classical and data-driven methods. Developed under the leadership of ICWG II/Ib, the PC2Model benchmark adopts a hybrid design that combines simulated point clouds with, in some cases, real-world scans and their corresponding 3D models. Simulated data provide precise ground truth and controlled conditions, while real-world data introduce sensor and environmental artefacts. This design supports robust training and evaluation across domains and enables the systematic analysis of model transferability from simulated to real-world scenarios. The dataset is publicly accessible at: &lt;code&gt;https://zenodo.org/records/17581812&lt;/code&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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