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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1229-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Evaluation of ICP variants for point cloud/BIM alignment enabling Scan-vs-BIM comparison: Application to maritime construction tolerance verification</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Becker</surname>
<given-names>Florie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8997-8853</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Macher</surname>
<given-names>Hélène</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-0864</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Landes</surname>
<given-names>Tania</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kila</surname>
<given-names>Yvon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSA Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group, 67000, Strasbourg, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Ferrcad, 450 rue Baden Powell, 34 000 Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>1229</fpage>
<lpage>1236</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Florie Becker et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1229/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1229-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1229/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1229-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1229/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1229-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1229/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1229-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Reliable geometric verification is essential in the construction industry, particularly for large-scale maritime infrastructures where deviations can critically affect functionality and safety. The emerging &lt;em&gt;Scan-vs-BIM&lt;/em&gt; approach enables automated quality assessment by comparing as-built point clouds with as-designed BIM models. It allows evaluation of the entire structure, rather than just specific points, but relies heavily on accurate spatial registration. This paper presents an evaluation of several Iterative Closest Point (ICP) variants for fine registration within a &lt;em&gt;Scan-vs-BIM&lt;/em&gt; framework dedicated to construction tolerance verification. Three ICP variants are compared in terms of convergence behavior, robustness to noise, and stability using synthetic point clouds derived from maritime structures. The methods are then tested on real datasets, each acquired under different conditions, leading to varying data quality. Based on the results, a hybrid method is proposed to improve registration reliability. The results show that the proposed approach improves the inlier rate by 8&amp;ndash;9 % while reducing the mean deviation by approximately 1 cm on the noisiest datasets, compared to the classical &lt;em&gt;point-to-plane&lt;/em&gt; ICP.</p>
</abstract>
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