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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1311-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>LLM-Supervised Point Cloud Processing: From Unsupervised 3D Scene-Graph Generation to Interactive Scene Manipulation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Poux</surname>
<given-names>Florent</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Key</surname>
<given-names>Alex</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Spatial Lab, 3D Geodata Academy, Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>GeoScity Lab, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Independent Researcher</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>1311</fpage>
<lpage>1318</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Florent Poux</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1311/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1311-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1311/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1311-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1311/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1311-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1311/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1311-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We demonstrate an end-to-end pipeline for 3D scene understanding which integrates unsupervised graph-based point cloud segmentation with LLM-enabled spatial reasoning and editing. A point cloud is segmented into a SemanticPatch decomposition (stage 1), labeled using a zero-shot vision-language model (stage 2; SAMv2, CLIP), encoded into a scene graph in the latent space (stage 3) capturing geometry, topology, and constraints, and finally manipulated by an LLM-based agent (stage 4) to execute a specified editing task. The LLM agent can be instructed by natural language input to reason about a scene graph and a point cloud, compute a geometric transformation for the input point cloud, and check its own output against a set of constraints (e.g. ADA-compliance). We validate our approach on three different point clouds: a classroom (Leica RTC360, 1.3 M points), a construction site (NavVis VLX mobile scanner, 4.4M points), and the Paris-Lille-3D benchmark. Our segmentation approach scores 97&amp;ndash;99% on the fitness score and 92&amp;ndash;99% on the F1-score across all three benchmarks. Our LLM agent solves reconfiguration tasks in 1&amp;ndash;10 min, achieving a 100% constraint-satisfaction rate and outperforming a human annotator.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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