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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1431-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Dynamics of Urban Expansion in the Inter-Andean Valleys: Projecting Scenarios for Sustainable Territorial Planning</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Enríquez</surname>
<given-names>Mónica</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Morocho</surname>
<given-names>Jaqueline</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Castro-Rodas</surname>
<given-names>Divar</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-2277</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Escandón-Panchana</surname>
<given-names>Paulo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Raiol</surname>
<given-names>Lucas Lima</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-9333</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Velastegui-Montoya</surname>
<given-names>Andrés</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Engineering in Earth Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory of Geoinformation and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Engineering in Earth Sciences, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica y Topografía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, 0901952, Ecuador</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA), Institute of Geosciences (IG), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>1431</fpage>
<lpage>1437</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Mónica Enríquez et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1431/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1431-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1431/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1431-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1431/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1431-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/1431/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1431-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban growth in inter-Andean valleys has accelerated the transformation of the territory, driven by the expansion of road infrastructure and the occupation of environmentally fragile areas. In this context, the Ruta Viva highway has reconfigured urbanization patterns in the parishes of Cumbaya and Tumbaco, advancing the urban frontier into agricultural areas and moderate slopes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of urban expansion in the parishes of Cumbaya and Tumbaco during the period 2002-2032, using a multitemporal and predictive approach to project future urbanization scenarios and generate inputs for sustainable territorial planning and land management. The methodology integrated multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover data from MapBiomas (2002-2022), predictive modelling using CA-Markov-MOLUSCE, and urban expansion analysis. The results show a 3% increase in urban coverage during the 2002-2022 period and a projected 12% growth by 2032, concentrated south of the Ruta Viva corridor and within the agricultural mosaic. Simulations show that slopes below 25&amp;deg; are more susceptible to urbanization, while vegetation cover loss reaches 30% on the slopes of Ilalo Hill. This study provides a robust, replicable tool for anticipating urbanization scenarios in Andean environments, guiding land management and environmental conservation strategies in regions of high urban pressure.</p>
</abstract>
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