<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-151-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Integrating Airborne LiDAR and OpenStreetMap Features for Automated Hydrological Conditioning of Urban Digital Elevation Models</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Destefanis</surname>
<given-names>Tommaso</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3716-3274</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Durando</surname>
<given-names>Elena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Oliveti</surname>
<given-names>Matilde</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Artù Cassin</surname>
<given-names>Emanuele</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Di Rita</surname>
<given-names>Martina</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-1167</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Politecnico di Torino, Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning (DIST), Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Rome, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Ithaca S.r.l., Turin, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>151</fpage>
<lpage>159</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Tommaso Destefanis et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/151/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-151-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/151/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-151-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/151/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-151-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/151/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-151-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential for urban flood modelling, where small elevation differences govern drainage and inundation extent. However, DEMs frequently contain hydrological inconsistencies: bridges, tunnels and culverts appear as artificial barriers disrupting flow continuity, while flood defence structures may be poorly represented at the available resolution. This paper presents an automated open-source Python pipeline for generating hydrologically conditioned DEMs by integrating classified airborne LiDAR data with OpenStreetMap (OSM) infrastructure features. The workflow is tested on a 16 km&amp;sup2; area over Copenhagen city centre using a 2023 national LiDAR acquisition (13.5 pts/m&amp;sup2;). A 0.5 m resolution DSM is generated from LiDAR ground and building classes via Inverse Distance Weighting (k=12, power=2, max radius 5 m), with Nearest Neighbour gap-filling. Hydrological conditioning applies four sequential operations: bridge burning at 108 footprints, tunnel enforcing at 53 shallow underpasses, culvert enforcing at 8 subsurface passages, and barrier rasterization raising 199 flood defence structures to their LiDAR-measured top-of-wall elevations. In total, 198,733 pixels were lowered (median 0.69 m) and 27,022 raised (median 3.00 m above ground), reducing the trapped depression volume in the DSM by 718,496 m&amp;sup3; (&amp;minus;5.0%). Vertical accuracy is assessed against the Danish national terrain model DHM/Terr&amp;aelig;n (NMAD = 0.066 m, LE90 = 0.265 m). The conditioned DEM feeds the CLEAR-EO urban flood simulation chain at the Danish Meteorological Institute; full hydraulic validation is outside the scope of this work. The pipeline is modular and transferable to other urban contexts with pre-classified LiDAR and OSM data.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>