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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-181-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Simulation of Stationary and Mobile Laserscanning with VRscan3D</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gorkovchuk</surname>
<given-names>Denys</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Horkovchuk</surname>
<given-names>Julia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1459-1337</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chizhova</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Popovas</surname>
<given-names>Darius</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Luhmann</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Faculty and Geoinformation systems and territory management, Ukraine</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg, Digital Technologies in Heritage Conservation, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Applied Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Jade University of Applied Sciences, Oldenburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Department of Geodesy and Cadastre, Vilnius, Lithuania</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>181</fpage>
<lpage>188</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Denys Gorkovchuk et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/181/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-181-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/181/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-181-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/181/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-181-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/181/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-181-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Terrestrial and mobile laser scanning technologies have become essential tools in geoinformation, surveying, cultural heritage documentation, and construction. However, access to modern laser scanning equipment remains limited for many universities and training institutions due to high costs, logistical constraints, or disruptions caused by crises such as pandemics or military conflicts. The VRscan3D project addresses this challenge by developing a realistic virtual simulator for stationary and mobile laser scanning that supports education, training, and research.&lt;br /&gt;VRscan3D is based on a game-engine environment that enables immersive interaction with virtual scanning devices and realistic 3D scenes. The simulator reproduces the physical parameters of real terrestrial laser scanners. Users can define scan stations, configure scanning parameters, and generate synthetic point clouds that incorporate realistic noise, intensity behavior, and beam characteristics. The platform also supports simulation of mobile scanning systems, including handheld scanners, mobile platforms, and UAV-based systems, allowing users to explore error propagation, scanning trajectories, and operator influence on data quality.&lt;br /&gt;In addition to training purposes, VRscan3D enables the generation of synthetic point clouds with known ground truth for testing point cloud processing algorithms and training AI models. Ongoing research focuses on comparing simulated and real datasets to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of synthetic scanning data under dynamic conditions.</p>
</abstract>
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