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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-25-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Global Block Adjustment for Mosaicked Stereoscopic Satellite Imagery</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Erblang</surname>
<given-names>Michaël</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saulnier</surname>
<given-names>Emelyne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Laurent</surname>
<given-names>Guillaume</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Delaygue</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Buffe</surname>
<given-names>Fabrice</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Latourte</surname>
<given-names>Alice</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jaussaud</surname>
<given-names>Mathilde</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bricout</surname>
<given-names>Noémie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Thales Services Numériques (TSN), 290 Allée du Lac, Labège, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 18 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institut national de l&apos;information géographique et forestière (IGN), 18 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Michaël Erblang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/25/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-25-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/25/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-25-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/25/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-25-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/25/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-25-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Satellite imagery acquired over large areas from multiple viewpoints introduces subtle geometric misalignments that degrade the quality of derived products such as Digital Surface Models (DSMs). This paper presents a global block adjustment workflow designed to correct these errors across overlapping stereo acquisitions from the &amp;ldquo;Constellation Optique 3D&amp;rdquo; (CO3D) constellation, which captures Earth&apos;s surface at 50 cm resolution. The proposed pipeline operates in three stages: individual acquisition refinement using Space Reference Points (SRPs) as Ground Control Points; tie point extraction between overlapping scenes through two-pass image correlation; and a weighted global spatio-triangulation simultaneously optimizing attitude biases, attitude drifts, and per-satellite magnification parameters. Applied to a large stereo acquisition dataset over the Aorounga crater, Chad, the method demonstrates strong geometric performance. The results highlight that careful parameterization &amp;mdash; combining observation weighting, n-tuple point filtering, and per-satellite sensor refinement &amp;mdash; is key to producing accurate, geometrically consistent large-scalemosaics from bi-satellite stereo imagery. This paper does not include the in-orbit performances due to confidentiality agreement.</p>
</abstract>
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