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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-633-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Generating Synthetic Image Data with Blender to Address Data Scarcity in Military Applications: Leveraging the RF-DETR Model</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Berndt</surname>
<given-names>Julian Cornel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>Tobias Frisenborg</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jochumsen</surname>
<given-names>Lars Würtz</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Systematic A/S, Søren Frichs Vej 39, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>633</fpage>
<lpage>640</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Julian Cornel Berndt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/633/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-633-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/633/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-633-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/633/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-633-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/633/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-633-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Military vehicle recognition faces critical data scarcity due to operational security constraints and prohibitive collection costs. Classification of vehicles demands extensive training data rarely available in defence contexts. We propose a hybrid approach combining limited real-world data with scalable synthetic generation. Our methodology comprises: (1) a Blender-based pipeline generating high-resolution synthetic images with domain randomization across 3D models, lighting, and camera angles; (2) training transformer-based RF-DETR detectors on real-world and synthetic data, respectively; (3) an in-depth evaluation of the trained networks to determine the effect of synthetic data. Our approach utilizes a baseline RF-DETR detector trained on real-world imagery to compare against. Then we utilize the custom-made synthetic data generation pipeline to create an equally large synthetic dataset. This generated data is added to real data subsets, thus creating a mixed datasets containing varying percentages of real data. We created five datasets containing 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. With these new mixed datasets we train another set of RF-DETR detectors. Afterwards we evaluate the influence of the synthetic data by comparing the detectors across computer vision metrics.</p>
</abstract>
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