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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-825-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Automatic Segmentation of 3D Gaussian Splatting in Cultural Heritage Complex</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fadilah</surname>
<given-names>Widiatmoko Azis</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gauthier</surname>
<given-names>Virgile</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Murtiyoso</surname>
<given-names>Arnadi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Landes</surname>
<given-names>Tania</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grussenmeyer</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-2755</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSA Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group, 67000, Strasbourg, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>825</fpage>
<lpage>832</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Widiatmoko Azis Fadilah et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/825/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-825-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/825/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-825-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/825/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-825-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/825/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-825-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a promising method for photorealistic scene reconstructions, yet its application to semantic segmentation in real-world heritage documentation remains underexplored. This study proposes and evaluates an automated semantic 3DGS segmentation pipeline integrating the Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM 3) with per-class prompting for Gaussian reconstruction, applied to a nadiral UAV dataset of the Siti Inggil heritage complex in Cirebon, Indonesia. Segmentation performance of four semantic classes (ground, roofs, vegetations, and water bodies) were assessed against manually segmented 2D and 3D reference data, supplemented by geometric accuracy assessment via the M3C2 analysis. Results reveal both the promise and the inherent challenges of applying 3DGS segmentation to complex real-world heritage scenes, where acquisition geometry, surface characteristics, and foundational model limitations can be observed.</p>
</abstract>
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