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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-917-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Digital Analysis of Rock Art in Santa Olaya Canyon: Integrating Cultural Landscape and UAV Technologies for Conservation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yépez-Rincón</surname>
<given-names>Fabiola D.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5025-9967</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Requena Lara</surname>
<given-names>Glenda N.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-4033</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Aguilar Treviño</surname>
<given-names>Carlos C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Treviño-Carreón</surname>
<given-names>Jacinto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Calvillo-Villacaña</surname>
<given-names>Ma. Eugenia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cerda-Luque</surname>
<given-names>Pablo A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Morales-Pacheco</surname>
<given-names>Juan F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Teebcon Servicios, Ingenierías y Proyectos, SA de CV, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Law and Social Sciences Victoria, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, México</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B2-2026</volume>
<fpage>917</fpage>
<lpage>922</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Fabiola D. Yépez-Rincón et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/917/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-917-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/917/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-917-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/917/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-917-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B2-2026/917/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-917-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This research work presents the digital documentation of rock art found on a rock face in the Santa Olaya Canyon, in the municipality of Burgos, Tamaulipas. Unlike rock art found in caves, these open-air expressions are actively integrated with the natural and cultural landscape, functioning as symbolic markers of the territory. Through controlled flights with a DJI Mavic Air 2 drone and 3D photoreconstruction techniques, a difficult-to-access vertical surface of a rock face with rock paintings was recorded with high precision. The methodology employed responds to the need for conservation and study of these sites, which lack institutional protection mechanisms from the INAH (National Institute of Archaeology and History) or, as in this case, conservation and cultural research studies. It also contextualizes the value of rock art in Tamaulipas, particularly in the Sierra de San Carlos, where some of the most significant collections in northeastern Mexico are found and where evidence of theft and vandalism of portions of some of them has been found. The application of non-invasive digital technologies is positioned as an effective tool for the documentation, analysis, and dissemination of archaeological heritage, especially in remote and limited-access regions. The generated orthomosaic and point clouds provide the opportunity to create a digital legacy of the area.</p>
</abstract>
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