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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1073-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Estimating grassland dry mass in forage mixes using UAV imagery and PCR</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Silva</surname>
<given-names>Matheus Modesto</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>da Silva</surname>
<given-names>Rebeca Campos Emiliano</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-0037</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tommaselli</surname>
<given-names>Antonio Maria Garcia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0483-1103</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Imai</surname>
<given-names>Nilton Nobuhiro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Graduate Program of Cartographic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Cartography, São Paulo State University (UNESP) at Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B3-2026</volume>
<fpage>1073</fpage>
<lpage>1078</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Matheus Modesto Silva et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1073/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1073-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1073/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1073-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1073/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1073-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1073/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1073-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Beef cattle farming is a significant activity in Brazil, and forage quality has a direct impact on animal performance. However, traditional methods for estimating dry mass, which involve cutting, drying and weighing plant material, are slow and labor-intensive. UAVs equipped with multispectral sensors, such as the DJI Mavic 3M, offer a faster and more scalable alternative for monitoring mixed-forage pastures. This study estimates the dry mass of forage mixtures using multispectral UAV data in two scenarios: (i) using only spectral information and (ii) combining spectral data with canopy height measured in the field. Model performance was evaluated using R&amp;sup2;, RMSE, and percentage error. The multispectral-only model explained 55% of dry mass variability (720.56 kg/ha; 23.67%), while adding canopy height improved performance to 80% and reduced the error to 589.41 kg/ha (19.36%). Results show that canopy height enhances the accuracy and operational potential of UAV-based methods for estimating dry mass in mixed-forage areas.</p>
</abstract>
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</front>
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