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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1231-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>DNN-Based Lichen Mapping Using AVIRIS-NG Hyperspectral Imagery and UAV Images in a Rocky Canadian Shield Landscape</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jozdani</surname>
<given-names>Shahab</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Dongmei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fraser</surname>
<given-names>Robert H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Wenjun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geography and Planing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada, 560 Rochester Street, Ottawa, ON K1S 5K2, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B3-2026</volume>
<fpage>1231</fpage>
<lpage>1238</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Shahab Jozdani et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1231/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1231-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1231/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1231-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1231/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1231-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/1231/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-1231-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Forage lichen fractional cover mapping using multi-spectral remote sensing (RS) data is challenging, especially over rocky landscapes where there is a high spectral correlation between lichens and non-lichen features. Given this, it is deemed that the use of airborne or satellite hyperspectral imagery may improve lichen mapping. In this study, we report the first results of using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral imagery and UAV images to estimate forage lichen fractional cover (&lt;em&gt;Cladonia&lt;/em&gt; spp.) in a rocky Canadian shield landscape where non-lichen bright features were prevalent. To estimate forage lichen fractional cover, we conducted a regression approach based on deep multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models whose number of hidden layers and neurons were determined using exhaustive grid search procedures. The three MLP models were trained and tested on four scenarios with different hyperspectral compression AVIRIS-NG band images and WorldView-3 (WV3) data of three sites. Our experiments showed that mapping lichen fractional cover using the 5 m AVIRIS-NG surface reflectance imagery was more accurate (i.e., higher R2 and lower RMSE values) than the one using a 4-band WorldView-3 (WV3) image with a spatial resolution of 2 m in most cases.</p>
</abstract>
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