Monitoring and Mapping of fast and slow subsidence in hard rock metal mining using SAR Interferometry Techniques on high resolution TSX/TDX Satellite Data

Abstract. Mining induced deformation in underground metal mines poses a threat to surface infrastructure, underground access and environmental safety, and needs reliable spatially continuous monitoring. In this contribution, a long-term interferometric SAR analysis over an underground hard rock metal mine (Mine-B) in Khetri Copper Belt, India using TSX/TDX high resolution SAR data is carried out. Coherent small baseline DInSAR time series (CSB-DTS), stacking DInSAR, and single reference PSI chain are implemented. Stacking DInSAR derived average LOS deformation velocity and single-reference PSI derived velocity are obtained for mine-B for dataset of January 2023- December 2024. The obtained results verify that Mine-B is substantially stable while having a persistent fast and slow deformation concentrated inside and around the trough in SoZ-2 in Mine-B. The workflow shows how the combination of CSB-DTS, stacked DInSAR and PSI can facilitate the operational subsidence monitoring and long-term stability evaluation in complex mining environments and gives an indication for the future integration with in-situ measurements and numerical models.