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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-783-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>GRACE and GRACE Follow On: On Accurate estimation of Groundwater Storage Change
from Satellite Gravimetry and Beyond</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Choubey</surname>
<given-names>Saurabh</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-1501</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chander</surname>
<given-names>Shard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kumari</surname>
<given-names>Rina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat,Kundhela, Vadodara, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Land Hydrology Division, Cryosphere and Hydrological Sciences and Applications Group, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad, India</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B3-2026</volume>
<fpage>783</fpage>
<lpage>788</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Saurabh Choubey et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/783/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-783-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/783/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-783-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/783/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-783-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B3-2026/783/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B3-2026-783-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The present work focused on the synergistic utilization of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (FO) derived Ensemble Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) from Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL), Centre for Space Research (CSR) and Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC), downscaled (GOU) TWSA and a gap filled JPL TWSA data and other hydrological variables to assess variability in groundwater storage (GWS) change in the last two decades (2002-2022) over Indus and Ganga river basins. The Indus basin witnessed a significant decline with a rate of change between -2.11 to -3.0 cm/yr and Ganga basin witnessed a significant decline of -1.27 cm/yr to -1.88 cm/yr after removing soil moisture estimates respectively. GWSA obtained from downscaled TWSA also indicated a significant negative trend. However, the magnitude of trend was considerably lower (0.9 cm/yr) than the ensemble (-1.27 cm/yr) and gap filled (-1.88 cm/yr) datasets. Ground observations also indicated a decline in GWSA in the Ganga basin with a rate of change -0.26 cm/yr. Validation of results with in-situ well data showed highest positive correlation (R = 0.78) and least Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE = 17.5 cm) with in-situ GWSA in the Indus basin during 2002-2022. Downscaling of GRACE TWSA employing self-supervised data assimilation can significantly reduce the general overestimation of trends in GWSA computed from GRACE and GRACE FO observations.</p>
</abstract>
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