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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lobriza-Kalt</surname>
<given-names>Bettina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gürçınar</surname>
<given-names>Elif</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Şenol</surname>
<given-names>Halil İbrahim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Çöltekin</surname>
<given-names>Arzu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Interactive Technologies, School of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geomatics Engineering, Harran University, Turkey</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B4-2026</volume>
<fpage>289</fpage>
<lpage>297</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Bettina Lobriza-Kalt et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/289/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/289/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/289/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/289/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This study compares visualization types, i.e., 3D, 2D, Oblique 3D, and Combined 2D+3D, coupled in a pairwise fashion for different tasks and scenarios, and investigates their influence on decision-making across selected urban planning tasks. Specifically, we study &lt;em&gt;site selection&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;scenario selection&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;distance estimation&lt;/em&gt; as a baseline task which is relevant in both. In a controlled user study with 40 participants, we evaluate whether visualization type affects decision outcomes and distance estimation, complemented by participants&amp;rsquo; visualization preferences &lt;em&gt;before&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; after&lt;/em&gt; the experiment. The results confirm the previously well-documented evidence that participants are considerably more successful with distance estimation with 2D visualizations, and offers new evidence that decisions are affected by the examined visualization and task types. We observe that each visualization type exhibits distinct strengths depending on the task. These findings indicate that visualization choice in urban planning should be adapted to the task and context rather than treated as an interchangeable artifact.</p>
</abstract>
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