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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-323-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weidlin</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Staub</surname>
<given-names>Guido</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>University of Concepción, Department for Geodetic Sciences and Geomatics, Los Ángeles, Chile</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B4-2026</volume>
<fpage>323</fpage>
<lpage>329</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Richard Weidlin</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/323/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-323-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/323/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-323-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/323/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-323-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/323/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-323-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Urban accessibility is a key factor in understanding spatial inequality, as it conditions residents&amp;rsquo; ability to reach essential services and urban opportunities. This study analyses accessibility in the intermediate city of Los &amp;Aacute;ngeles, Chile, characterized by a centralized concentration of services and expanding peripheral residential areas. Accessibility to educational, healthcare, and commercial facilities was evaluated using approximate travel times generated through the TravelTime API, considering walking, public transport, and private vehicle modes. Travel times were calculated from the centroids of residential census blocks, and opportunity-based accessibility was assessed using travel-time thresholds to identify the range of accessible commercial establishments.The results reveal marked spatial disparities. Central areas exhibit the highest levels of accessibility due to the density and diversity of amenities, with walking emerging as the most efficient mode for short distances. In contrast, peripheral neighbourhoods show limited access to healthcare and educational facilities and depend largely on private vehicles to reach central services, despite having higher population densities. Commercial accessibility in these areas is primarily restricted to small-scale neighbourhood establishments. These findings indicate that accessibility is influenced not only by travel time and transport networks but also by the spatial distribution and variety of urban functions. The study highlights the usefulness of routing APIs as an alternative methodological tool for accessibility analysis in contexts where official mobility data are outdated or incomplete, offering valuable insights for urban planning and policies aimed at reducing spatial inequalities.</p>
</abstract>
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