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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-399-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>3D Geodata Based Optimization of UAV Docking Stations in Mountainous Areas for Emergency Response</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Yilang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Zhiyong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Yongjie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liao</surname>
<given-names>Yonghan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Junjie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Lang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Runze</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yuan</surname>
<given-names>Renjie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLIX-B4-2026</volume>
<fpage>399</fpage>
<lpage>406</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yilang Lin et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/399/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-399-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/399/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-399-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/399/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-399-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLIX-B4-2026/399/2026/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-399-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>In recent years, the increasing frequency of natural disasters in remote and rugged areas has underscored the importance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for rapid emergency response. This paper presents a novel approach for optimizing the placement of UAV docking stations in mountainous terrain for emergency operations. We develop a comprehensive, 3D Geodata framework that integrates 3D Digital Elevation Models (3D DEM), building infrastructure, and road network data to create a realistic three-dimensional optimization environment. The proposed system employs an Enhanced Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (EAPSO) algorithm with adaptive parameters, diversity maintenance mechanisms, and intelligent convergence detection to effectively handle the complex constraints of mountainous environments. Experimental results demonstrate that our 3D-aware EAPSO approach achieves superior performance in balancing coverage efficiency, energy consumption, and network connectivity compared to conventional optimization methods. The proposed system provides a scientific foundation for improving emergency response capabilities in challenging geographical environments.</p>
</abstract>
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