Knowledge of the regional distribution of the world’s population is essential for political and social decisions not only but especially for achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Census and other population data at the subnational level are important for this purpose. However, current population data management platforms largely ignore the spatiotemporal nature of census data. Here, we outline the requirements for a spatiotemporal population data management system and present its general architecture, data model and state of implementation. The developed system currently stores population data from approximately 200 countries, nearly 11 million spatial units and around 770 million individual population figures.