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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1169-2023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>QUALITY ANALYSIS OF SMARTPHONE GNSS OBSERVATIONS AND IMPACT ON PRECISE POSITIONING</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zangenehnejad</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>Y.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geomatics Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>13</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-1/W2-2023</volume>
<fpage>1169</fpage>
<lpage>1177</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2023 F. Zangenehnejad</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1169/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1169-2023.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1169/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1169-2023.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1169/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1169-2023.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1169/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1169-2023.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The use of low-cost and ultra-low-cost receivers such as smartphones and wearables has been raising these days due to their affordability and widespread availability. Along with the release of Android Version 7 in 2016, the raw GNSS measurements became accessible through the location API, which includes the GNSSMeasurement class and GNSSClock class. However, the users are required to extract the typical GNSS observations, such as pseudorange, carrier-phase, and Doppler observations, from the raw data coming from these two classes. It should be mentioned some quality concerns may arise during the conversion process from the raw GNSS measurements to the typical GNSS measurements. These quality concerns would subsequently affect GNSS data processing such as cycle slip detection, code smoothing and ultimately positioning performance. In this paper, we first analyse the quality of GNSS observations logged from smartphones. Furthermore, we address potential issues that can arise during the generation of GNSS observations. We also introduce our developed in-house software, UofC CSV2RINEX, which is designed to convert CSV files into RINEX files.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="9"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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