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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W5-2025-109-2025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Surveys on feed-forward 3R methods for high-resolution photogrammetric images via image divide-and-conquer strategy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shen</surname>
<given-names>Zhe</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shu</surname>
<given-names>Mengmeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Guanbo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Yifei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhan</surname>
<given-names>Zongqian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Xin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>05</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-1/W5-2025</volume>
<fpage>109</fpage>
<lpage>116</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Zhe Shen et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W5-2025/109/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W5-2025-109-2025.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W5-2025/109/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W5-2025-109-2025.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W5-2025/109/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W5-2025-109-2025.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W5-2025/109/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W5-2025-109-2025.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Recently, data-driven feed-forward 3D reconstruction methods, such as DUSt3R, MASt3R, Fast3R and VGGT, have gained widespread attention due to their superior end-to-end processing capabilities across various geometric 3D vision tasks. However, heavy reliance on GPU hardwares limits the applicability of these 3R methods to only single-image pairs or small-scale datasets, making them challenging to handle large-scale high-resolution photogrammetric images. In this work, we conduct a survey on these 3R methods and employ a divide-and-conquer framework that divides the entire image dataset into several overlapping sub-blocks, reconstructs each sub-block separately using 3R methods, and then merges them per 3D similarity transformations. Experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively expands the number of images that the aforementioned feed-forward 3R methods can handle. Furthermore, a comprehensive experiment on photogrammetric data is carried out by comparing the processing time, GPU memory usage, and accuracy to explore the possibility of applying these novel feed-forward 3R methods to high-resolution photogrammetric datasets. Project web: &lt;code&gt;https://sh1nzzz.github.io/3R-methods-via-divide-and-conquer-strategy.github.io/&lt;/code&gt;.</p>
</abstract>
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