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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-247-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Interoperability and optimization issues in mixed reality setup for complex built heritage</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Li</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8322-6513</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cuca</surname>
<given-names>Branka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>ABC Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-2/W12-2026</volume>
<fpage>247</fpage>
<lpage>254</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Li Li</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/247/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-247-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/247/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-247-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/247/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-247-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/247/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-247-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The research aims to investigate an appropriate mixed reality setup for complex built heritage assets. The process looks into a number of phases, starting from recording, visualization, and interaction, hence from the data processing phase to mixed reality environment management. By comparing the interoperability of 3D file formats, the workflow is optimized to transmit designated data efficiently and seamlessly. The virtual environment setting for built heritage with high-variance mesh is discussed in detail. Interoperability is also highlighted by using multi-level model proxies and resolution variables to decrease the dependence of computation, reducing latency in runtime, and enhancing the interaction input and response agility. Based on the realistic rendering setup for a better sense of presence, the research proposes three sets for level of detail (LOD) to optimize the visualization and performance on MR devices. Limitations and challenges were identified in the workflow with manual reconstruction steps.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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