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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Exploring Point Transformers on 3D Semantic Segmentation of Javanese Architectures</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Betsas</surname>
<given-names>Thodoris</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Murtiyoso</surname>
<given-names>Arnadi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grussenmeyer</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-2755</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Georgopoulos</surname>
<given-names>Andreas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>National Technical University of Athens, School of Rural, Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, Lab of Photogrammetry, Greece</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Universit´e de Strasbourg, INSA Strasbourg, CNRS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357, Photogrammetry and Geomatics Group, 67000, Strasbourg, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-2/W12-2026</volume>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>64</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Thodoris Betsas et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/57/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/57/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/57/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W12-2026/57/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The complex geometry of Javanese architecture poses significant challenges for 3D semantic segmentation in cultural heritage documentation. This study evaluates state-of-the-art Point Transformers, i.e., PTv1, PTv2, PTv3, and LitePT, on the Sewu temple dataset, focusing on robustness and efficiency. While PTv1 and PTv2 achieve the highest Intersection-over-Union (mIoU 0.71), they incur high computational costs. Conversely, LitePT provides an optimal balance, delivering competitive results (0.69 mIoU) while being drastically faster. Furthermore, experiments with limited data reveal the significant benefits of transfer learning from European heritage datasets. We conclude that efficient Point Transformer architectures are promising for the automated understanding of complex non-European monuments.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="8"/></counts>
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