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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-243-2024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Low-Cost sensors for measuring wadi discharge - a Raspberry Pi based seismometer and time-lapse camera setup</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Krüger</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-1323</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blanch</surname>
<given-names>Xabier</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-4475</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grundmann</surname>
<given-names>Jens</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-9373</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Al-Rawas</surname>
<given-names>Ghazi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eltner</surname>
<given-names>Anette</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2065-6245</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Dresden University of Technology, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Chair of Hydrology, Dresden University of Technology, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Architechtural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-2/W8-2024</volume>
<fpage>243</fpage>
<lpage>250</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2024 Robert Krüger et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W8-2024/243/2024/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-243-2024.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W8-2024/243/2024/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-243-2024.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W8-2024/243/2024/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-243-2024.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-2-W8-2024/243/2024/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-243-2024.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This study presents a low-cost, multi-sensor monitoring setup for wadi discharge assessment. The system comprises a time-lapse camera gauge and a Raspberry Shake seismograph, both powered by solar energy and integrated with data transmission units for remote monitoring. Optical data, combined with a high-resolution digital terrain model generated via UAV-based photogrammetry, enables semi-automatic discharge estimation. Seismic data complement the optical workflow by capturing flow-induced vibrations, providing a second line of evidence for wadi discharge. Our systems operated successfully, recording several flow events, highlighting the feasibility of low-cost, remote monitoring in ephemeral wadi environments. Key challenges included limited camera accuracy and the need for frequent DTM updates due to morphological changes. Improvements, such as upgrading camera hardware and enhancing automation in data processing, are underway to increase system accuracy and reliability for operational use.</p>
</abstract>
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