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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W17-2025-345-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Extraction of BIM/IFC Model for LADM Legal Spaces</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zamzuri</surname>
<given-names>Ainn</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Abdul Rahman</surname>
<given-names>Alias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5263-8266</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hassan</surname>
<given-names>Muhammad Imzan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Alkan</surname>
<given-names>Mehmet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-4/W17-2025</volume>
<fpage>345</fpage>
<lpage>351</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Ainn Zamzuri et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W17-2025/345/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W17-2025-345-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W17-2025/345/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W17-2025-345-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W17-2025/345/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W17-2025-345-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W17-2025/345/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W17-2025-345-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Strata management in Malaysia faces persistent challenges due to delays in strata title issuance, fragmented data systems, and inefficiencies in legal space administration. Integrating Building Information Modelling (BIM) with the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) offers a structured approach to addressing these issues. This study explores the extraction of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) elements from BIM models to enhance the representation of legal spaces within the Malaysian LADM country profile. The research focuses on mapping key IFC elements such as IfcSpaces, IfcBuildingElements, and ownership attributes to LADM classes for strata title registration. Using Google Colab for data extraction and Enterprise Architect for schema mapping, the methodology ensures seamless integration between spatial and legal property data. The results demonstrate the potential of BIM-IFC in supporting 3D property rights visualisation and legal space definition, contributing to a more efficient, transparent, and data-driven approach to strata property management.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="7"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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