Transportation systems play a critical role in supporting economic and social sustainability, yet they are exposed to a range of vulnerabilities, including natural disasters, climate change, infrastructure failures, and human-induced disruptions. In this context, assessing the resilience and service continuity of transportation systems has emerged as a key research area. This research explores critical issues in transportation resilience, highlighting existing limitations and areas for improvement. While previous studies have addressed certain aspects of resilience (e.g., only topological indicators, single-mode network behavior, or static network structure), they often fall short of meeting the complex demands of contemporary urban transportation systems, indicating a clear need for new perspectives and approaches. To operationalize the proposed framework, a stepwise algorithm is developed that integrates heterogeneous data, monitors system dynamics, measures resilience metrics, predicts disruptions, and implements adaptive interventions. To further illustrate its applicability, the framework is demonstrated through two representative campus-scale scenarios addressing flood resilience management and air quality–driven mobility guidance. By conceptualizing transportation resilience through five key dimensions—integrate, observe, measure, predict and adapt, —this research proposes a comprehensive framework intended to advance both theoretical understanding and practical implementation in urban planning contexts.