<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-53-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>i.hyper: processing hyperspectral imagery in GRASS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mangafić</surname>
<given-names>Alen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-5969</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Žagar</surname>
<given-names>Tomaž</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Geodetic Institute of Slovenia, Slovenia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-4/W20-2025</volume>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Alen Mangafić</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/53/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-53-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/53/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-53-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/53/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-53-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/53/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-53-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Hyperspectral satellite missions such as EnMAP, PRISMA and Tanager have made imaging spectroscopy widely accessible, yet their heterogeneous formats, high dimensionality and demanding preprocessing requirements still hinder efficient scientific use. To address these challenges, we developed i.hyper, a multimodule addon for GRASS designed to provide a harmonized, reproducible and scalable workflow for hyperspectral data. The methodology integrates a unified 3D raster data model with per-band metadata, ensuring consistent handling of wavelength, FWHM, validity and radiometric units across sensors. A modular preprocessing engine implements established imaging spectroscopy and machine-learning techniques, including Savitzky&amp;ndash;Golay smoothing, baseline correction, continuum removal and several linear and nonlinear dimensionality-reduction methods such as PCA and Nystr&amp;ouml;m approximation&amp;mdash;executed spectrally while preserving spatial alignment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The resulting toolset comprises the modules i.hyper.import, i.hyper.preproc, i.hyper.composite, i.hyper.explore and i.hyper.export, which together implement a complete workflow from sensor-specific import through preprocessing, visualization and export. The modules resolve practical gaps such as mixed multi-file product structures and metadata conventions, scalable nonlinear reduction and the need for integrated spectral exploration. The addon is available as an official extension in the GRASS repository, enabling direct integration of imaging spectroscopy into established geospatial workflows. This work demonstrates that GRASS can serve as an efficient environment for hyperspectral processing, reducing the data-engineering overhead that typically precedes scientific modelling, and providing a foundation for further preprocessing steps performed by the powerful, native functionalities that GRASS offers.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>