ISPRS-Archives The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ISPRS-Archives Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci. 2194-9034 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-83-2026 Assessment of Display Performance and Comparative Evaluation of Web Map Libraries for Extensive 3D Geospatial Data Seto Toshikazu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-1790 1 2 Shiwaku Yohei 3 Miyauchi Takayuki 3 Yoshida Daisuke 4 Nishimura Yuichiro 5 Department of Geography, Komazawa University, Tokyo, Japan Center for Spatial Information Science, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan Geolonia Inc., Tokyo, Japan Graduate School of Informatics, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan Faculty of Letters, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan 29 04 2026 XLVIII-4/W20-2025 83 88 Copyright: © 2026 Toshikazu Seto et al. 2026 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/83/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-83-2026.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-4-W20-2025/83/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-W20-2025-83-2026.pdf

Large-scale 3D geospatial data visualization has become increasingly critical for the development of the digital society infrastructure in Japan. This study conducted a comprehensive performance evaluation of two major WebGL-based web mapping libraries, CesiumJS and MapLibre GL JS, using large-scale 3D point-cloud data from the VIRTUAL SHIZUOKA and PLATEAU building models. The research employs standardized 3D Tiles 1.1, and Mapbox Vector Tiles (MVT) formats, comparing performance across different data scales (2nd and 3rd grid levels) using Core Web Vitals metrics, including First Contentful Paint (FCP), Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), Speed Index, Total Blocking Time (TBT), and Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS).&nbsp;<br />The results demonstrate that MVT-based building visualization with MapLibre GL JS achieves optimal performance (FCP 0.8s, TBT 0ms), whereas MapLibre GL JS combined with deck.gl shows superior performance for large-scale point cloud processing (TBT: 3ms, CesiumJS: 21,357ms). This study provides data-driven selection guidelines for appropriate technology choices according to use cases, establishing reproducible performance evaluation frameworks for 3D web mapping technologies during the WebGPU and OGC 3D Tiles 1.1 standardization era.