Rapid urbanization in peri-urban provinces like Cavite has intensified pressure on transportation systems, leading to uneven traffic accessibility and growing spatial inequalities. As infrastructure development struggles to match population and economic growth, there is a need for spatially informed planning to ensure equitable mobility. This study presents a spatio-temporal analysis of traffic accessibility in Cavite’s Districts 1 to 4 from 2013 to 2023. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), traffic accessibility was quantified across four dimensions: transport, space, system quality, and quality of service. Univariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) identified spatial clusters of accessibility, revealing persistent disparities in urban centers such as Imus and Bacoor showed consistent improvements, while peripheral areas such as Cavite City, Rosario, and Noveleta remained underserved. Although accessibility scores rose due to infrastructure gains, a decline in 2023 was attributed to rising transport costs. To address this, six jeepney route adjustments and seven new transport stops were proposed in low-accessibility zones. Post-intervention analysis showed improved clustering, validating the strategy’s impact. Thus, this study offers actionable insights for local governments and transport agencies and highlights the value of geospatial methods in supporting sustainable, inclusive urban mobility in fast-growing regions.