Large-scale Thematic Mapping of Volcanic Domes in Armenia Based on Ultra-high Resolution Data

Abstract. The volcanic domes of Armenia hold significant value as both natural heritage and vital research sites for the study of volcanic activity and geomorphological processes. However, detailed geological mapping of these formations has only been conducted at scales of 1:100,000 and 1:200,000. The use of UAVs and high-resolution satellite imagery (Sentinel-2, Resurs-P, PlanetScope) offers new opportunities for large-scale mapping and monitoring of these geological features. This study focuses on the Ajdahak, Armagan, Eratumber, and Arailer volcanoes located in the Gegham Highlands and their surrounding areas. These volcanoes, which include cinder cones and a stratovolcano, showcase a variety of geological structures such as lava flows, barrancos, and erosion formations. Multispectral and thermal UAV surveys were conducted using Mavic Pro, Mavic 3M, and Mavic 3T drones equipped with RTK (Real Time Kinematic) positioning systems, as well as optical, multispectral, and thermal sensors. The collected data was processed through photogrammetry to generate dense point clouds, digital surface models (DSMs), and thermal and multi-channel orthophotos. Morphometric analysis and spectral indices (NDVI, SAVI, GSAVI, etc.) enabled the classification of vegetation, soil cover, and volcanic rock types. The resulting thematic maps provide high-resolution representations of landforms, land cover, and anthropogenic transformations, which are crucial for understanding geodynamic changes, predicting hazards, supporting land-use planning, and preserving Armenia’s volcanic heritage. Based on the results of the study, an improved method of automated relief analysis using UAV imagery and derived ultra-high resolution DEM/DSM data, as well as their integration with multispectral imagery data, was developed for thematic mapping of volcanic domes.