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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-55-2025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Vertical urban growth monitoring through PSInSAR Stack On-Off model approach: A case study of Wuhan (2015–2024)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Afzal</surname>
<given-names>Zeeshan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Balz</surname>
<given-names>Timo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ousaha</surname>
<given-names>Sunantha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Boyoğlu</surname>
<given-names>Cem Sönmez</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-G-2025</volume>
<fpage>55</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Zeeshan Afzal et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/55/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-55-2025.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/55/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-55-2025.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/55/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-55-2025.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-G-2025/55/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-G-2025-55-2025.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Monitoring vertical urban growth is crucial for understanding urban development patterns and supporting informed city planning decisions. This study introduces a novel PSInSAR Stack On-Off model approach for efficient monitoring of vertical urban growth, applied to Wuhan, China, using Sentinel-1 data from 2015 to 2024. The methodology streamlines traditional PSInSAR processing by initially focusing on recent imagery for PS point extraction before analyzing the complete temporal stack, significantly reducing computational requirements while maintaining monitoring capabilities. Analysis of the spatial-temporal patterns shows distinct development phases, with 64.81% of structures predating 2015, followed by more targeted development in subsequent periods. The results show significant variations in vertical growth across districts, with Jianghan emerging as the most vertically developed area (mean height 29.4m) and clear correlation between building heights and proximity to the Yangtze River. Three distinct district typologies were identified: High-Intensity Vertical, Mixed-Development, and Horizontal Expansion, reflecting differentiated urban development strategies. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the Stack On-Off approach for monitoring urban vertical growth, providing valuable insights for urban planning and development in rapidly growing metropolitan areas.</p>
</abstract>
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